Many Americans hold interests in vacation or recreational properties in Canada. Often such properties are intended to be passed on from generation to generation.
Canada taxes U.S. residents on capital gains from the sale or other disposition of Canadian real estate, even if such real estate is held for recreational or vacation purposes.
Canada’s ability to tax U.S. residents on gains from the disposition of Canadian real estate is recognized in Article XIII(3) of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention (“the Treaty”)
In addition, when a U.S. resident dies owning Canadian real estate, that individual will generally be deemed to have disposed of the property immediately before his or her death at fair market value. Thus, Canada taxes accrued capital gains on death (an exception can apply if such property is acquired by a spouse, or “spousal trust”).
If such real estate is held in a US corporation, whether a C Corporation, S Corporation, or LLC (which Canada treats as a corporation) Canadian tax should not apply on the death of the shareholder or member. This is because of the fact that Articles XIII(3) and XIII(4) of the Treaty effectively preclude Canada from taxing gains from the disposition of shares in real estate holding companies that are not resident in Canada.
In many cases, this may be a preferable alternative to the use of a “grantor trust”, since Canadian tax law provides for a deemed disposition of trust property, at fair market value, every 21 years.
What type of entity is best to use? If one assumes that the property will never be sold, it probably does not matter much. However, that would be a dangerous assumption, and Canada will tax the gain when the property is sold.
Likely, one can rule-out using a C Corporation because of the fact that any resulting capital gain will be taxed as ordinary income for US tax purposes, and there will be an extra level of tax when profits are distributed.
The use of either a LLC or S Corporation would avoid those two problems. Furthermore, in this case, the fact that the S Corporation, unlike the LLC, would be viewed by Canada as being a resident of the U.S. for the purposes of the Treaty should not be significant in this scenario. Since the corporation would not be carrying on a business in Canada, the “branch tax” under Part XIV of the Income Tax Act, should not apply.
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- Emigration from Canada-guidance on saying “goodbye” to Canadian taxes
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THE ONE OF A KIND CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL TAX BLOG
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Phone (Office): 416-860-9175
Mobile (After-hours): 416-949-7111
Email: matlas@TaxCA.com
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All information provided is TOTALLY CONFIDENTIAL.
